Chief Joseph                          

Son of a Nez Perce chief during the United States
westward expansion, Joseph was born at a time of many
disputes over land treaties, which led to years of injustice and
attacks from the American military. In 1871, Joseph became
chief and worked hard to keep his tribe from retaliating against
violence inflicted upon them. At one point, Chief Joseph negotiated
a deal with the federal government that would allow his tribe to remain
on their land; as was all too often the case in such situations, the
government reversed the agreement three years later and threatened
to attack if the tribe did not relocate to a reservation.

Human Right Hero

Rosa parks

Kade maioha       sst

By refusing to give up her seat

to a white man on a Montgomery,

Alabama, city bus in 1955. She got

arrested for not giving up her seat.

Black seamstress Rosa Parks 1913 2005

helped initiate the civil rights movement in

the United States. The leaders of the local

black community organized a bus boycott that

began the day Parks was convicted violating the

segregation laws. Led by a young Rev. Dr.

Martin Luther King Jr. the boycott lasted

more than a year during which Parks not

coincidentally lost her job and ended only

when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that

bus segregation was unconstitutional.

Over the next half century, Parks

became a nationally recognized

symbol of dignity and strength

in the struggle to end entrenched

racial segregation.